Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

The author is a consulting broadcast systems engineer. Electricity constitutes a major part of the operating expenses of analog transmitter sites operating below 30 MHz, if not the largest. This is ...

Next-generation wireless communications systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated with higher speeds, wider bandwidths, and multiple modulation methods in which the signal changes dramatically ...