The profession of lighting design is a relatively young discipline among the building design and construction fields. Although lighting has certainly been an integral component of the built ...

Process design kits consist of a set of files that typically contain descriptions of the basic building blocks of the process. They are expressed, algorithmically, as Pcells. These descriptions are ...

Designers rely on the accuracy of Process Design Kits (PDK¡¦s) for their IC designs. This paper describes independent verification of the PDK accuracy using a low-cost Die Level Process Monitor (DLPM) ...

Once upon a time, integrated circuits (ICs) were built by the same companies that designed them. The design of an IC was tightly integrated with the manufacturing processes available within each ...

Planning manufacturing capacity in the pharmaceutical industry is not for the faint-hearted. How can process designers help their clients to overcome some of the problems they face when planning to ...

Appropriate use of sound science applied at critical junctures will improve efficiency in the high-wire act of drug development. Pharmaceutical companies walk a tightrope in early drug development.

Following in the footsteps of the other review programs at the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Office of Pharmaceutical Science, the Office of Biotechnology Products (OBP) is currently in the ...