For more than a century, scientists have wondered why physical structures like blood vessels, neurons, tree branches, and ...

Game theory explains competitive behavior by working from the premise that people are self-interested. People don’t just compete, however; they also cooperate. In “How We Cooperate,” John Roemer ...

What do the following—planning an airline hub, political gerrymandering, and a museum renovation—have in common? They’re all problems that can be tackled by mathematicians using a process called ...

'Efficient coding theory' describes the most perfect, low-energy way to design a light-detecting device for a future camera or prosthetic retina. Or you could just look at a mammalian retina that's ...

Lucas Downey is the co-founder of MoneyFlows, and an Investopedia Academy instructor. Gordon Scott has been an active investor and technical analyst or 20+ years. He is a Chartered Market Technician ...