STEPPER MOTOR WORKING PRINCIPLE: This explains the working principle of a stepper motor, which rotates in fixed angular steps by sequentially energizing stator windings. The rotor, a permanent magnet, aligns itself with the active stator poles based on the input pulse sequence. In the top illustration, the coil activation pattern follows a specific order, resulting in clockwise rotation. Reversing the sequence, as shown in the bottom image, causes counterclockwise rotation. The truth table along

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